_echo: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: 00000000
: #include "types.h" #include "stat.h" #include "user.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { 0: 8d 4c 24 04 lea 0x4(%esp),%ecx 4: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp 7: ff 71 fc push -0x4(%ecx) a: 55 push %ebp b: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp d: 57 push %edi e: 56 push %esi f: 53 push %ebx 10: 51 push %ecx 11: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 14: 8b 31 mov (%ecx),%esi 16: 8b 79 04 mov 0x4(%ecx),%edi int i; for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) { 19: 83 fe 01 cmp $0x1,%esi 1c: 7e 47 jle 65 1e: bb 01 00 00 00 mov $0x1,%ebx printf(1, "%s%s", argv[i], i + 1 < argc ? " " : "\n"); 23: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 26: 8b 44 9f fc mov -0x4(%edi,%ebx,4),%eax 2a: 39 f3 cmp %esi,%ebx 2c: 74 22 je 50 2e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 30: 68 68 07 00 00 push $0x768 35: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 38: 50 push %eax 39: 68 6a 07 00 00 push $0x76a 3e: 6a 01 push $0x1 40: e8 fb 03 00 00 call 440 45: 8b 44 9f fc mov -0x4(%edi,%ebx,4),%eax 49: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 4c: 39 f3 cmp %esi,%ebx 4e: 75 e0 jne 30 50: 68 6f 07 00 00 push $0x76f 55: 50 push %eax 56: 68 6a 07 00 00 push $0x76a 5b: 6a 01 push $0x1 5d: e8 de 03 00 00 call 440 62: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp } exit(); 65: e8 59 02 00 00 call 2c3 6a: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 6c: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 6e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 00000070 : #include "stat.h" #include "fcntl.h" #include "user.h" #include "x86.h" char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { 70: 55 push %ebp char *os; os = s; while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { 71: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { 73: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 75: 53 push %ebx 76: 8b 4d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ecx 79: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx 7c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { 80: 0f b6 14 03 movzbl (%ebx,%eax,1),%edx 84: 88 14 01 mov %dl,(%ecx,%eax,1) 87: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 8a: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 8c: 75 f2 jne 80 ; } return os; } 8e: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 91: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 93: c9 leave 94: c3 ret 95: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 9c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 000000a0 : int strcmp(const char *p, const char *q) { a0: 55 push %ebp a1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp a3: 53 push %ebx a4: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx a7: 8b 4d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { aa: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax ad: 84 c0 test %al,%al af: 75 17 jne c8 b1: eb 3a jmp ed b3: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi b7: 90 nop b8: 0f b6 42 01 movzbl 0x1(%edx),%eax p++, q++; bc: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx bf: 8d 59 01 lea 0x1(%ecx),%ebx while (*p && *p == *q) { c2: 84 c0 test %al,%al c4: 74 1a je e0 p++, q++; c6: 89 d9 mov %ebx,%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { c8: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx cb: 38 c3 cmp %al,%bl cd: 74 e9 je b8 } return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; cf: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } d1: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx d4: c9 leave d5: c3 ret d6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi dd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; e0: 0f b6 59 01 movzbl 0x1(%ecx),%ebx e4: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax e6: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } e8: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx eb: c9 leave ec: c3 ret return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; ed: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx f0: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax f2: eb db jmp cf f4: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi fb: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi ff: 90 nop 00000100 : uint strlen(const char *s) { 100: 55 push %ebp 101: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 103: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 106: 80 3a 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx) 109: 74 15 je 120 10b: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 10d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 110: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 113: 80 3c 02 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx,%eax,1) 117: 89 c1 mov %eax,%ecx 119: 75 f5 jne 110 ; } return n; } 11b: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 11d: 5d pop %ebp 11e: c3 ret 11f: 90 nop for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 120: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx } 122: 5d pop %ebp 123: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 125: c3 ret 126: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 12d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 00000130 : void* memset(void *dst, int c, uint n) { 130: 55 push %ebp 131: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 133: 57 push %edi 134: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx "d" (port), "0" (addr), "1" (cnt) : "cc"); } static inline void stosb(void *addr, int data, int cnt) { asm volatile ("cld; rep stosb" : 137: 8b 4d 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%ecx 13a: 8b 45 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax 13d: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 13f: fc cld 140: f3 aa rep stos %al,%es:(%edi) stosb(dst, c, n); return dst; } 142: 8b 7d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%edi 145: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 147: c9 leave 148: c3 ret 149: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000150 : char* strchr(const char *s, char c) { 150: 55 push %ebp 151: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 153: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 156: 0f b6 4d 0c movzbl 0xc(%ebp),%ecx for (; *s; s++) { 15a: 0f b6 10 movzbl (%eax),%edx 15d: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 15f: 75 12 jne 173 161: eb 1d jmp 180 163: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 167: 90 nop 168: 0f b6 50 01 movzbl 0x1(%eax),%edx 16c: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 16f: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 171: 74 0d je 180 if (*s == c) { 173: 38 d1 cmp %dl,%cl 175: 75 f1 jne 168 return (char*)s; } } return 0; } 177: 5d pop %ebp 178: c3 ret 179: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi return 0; 180: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 182: 5d pop %ebp 183: c3 ret 184: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 18b: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 18f: 90 nop 00000190 : char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 190: 55 push %ebp 191: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 193: 57 push %edi 194: 56 push %esi int i, cc; char c; for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { cc = read(0, &c, 1); 195: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 198: 53 push %ebx for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 199: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 19b: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 19e: eb 27 jmp 1c7 cc = read(0, &c, 1); 1a0: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 1a3: 6a 01 push $0x1 1a5: 57 push %edi 1a6: 6a 00 push $0x0 1a8: e8 2e 01 00 00 call 2db if (cc < 1) { 1ad: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 1b0: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 1b2: 7e 1d jle 1d1 break; } buf[i++] = c; 1b4: 0f b6 45 e7 movzbl -0x19(%ebp),%eax 1b8: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 1bb: 88 44 1a ff mov %al,-0x1(%edx,%ebx,1) if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') { 1bf: 3c 0a cmp $0xa,%al 1c1: 74 1d je 1e0 1c3: 3c 0d cmp $0xd,%al 1c5: 74 19 je 1e0 for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 1c7: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 1c9: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 1cc: 3b 5d 0c cmp 0xc(%ebp),%ebx 1cf: 7c cf jl 1a0 break; } } buf[i] = '\0'; 1d1: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 1d4: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) return buf; } 1d8: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 1db: 5b pop %ebx 1dc: 5e pop %esi 1dd: 5f pop %edi 1de: 5d pop %ebp 1df: c3 ret buf[i] = '\0'; 1e0: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 1e3: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 1e5: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) } 1e9: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 1ec: 5b pop %ebx 1ed: 5e pop %esi 1ee: 5f pop %edi 1ef: 5d pop %ebp 1f0: c3 ret 1f1: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1f8: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1ff: 90 nop 00000200 : int stat(const char *n, struct stat *st) { 200: 55 push %ebp 201: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 203: 56 push %esi 204: 53 push %ebx int fd; int r; fd = open(n, O_RDONLY); 205: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 208: 6a 00 push $0x0 20a: ff 75 08 push 0x8(%ebp) 20d: e8 19 01 00 00 call 32b if (fd < 0) { 212: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 215: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 217: 78 27 js 240 return -1; } r = fstat(fd, st); 219: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 21c: ff 75 0c push 0xc(%ebp) 21f: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx 221: 50 push %eax 222: e8 cc 00 00 00 call 2f3 close(fd); 227: 89 1c 24 mov %ebx,(%esp) r = fstat(fd, st); 22a: 89 c6 mov %eax,%esi close(fd); 22c: e8 2a 01 00 00 call 35b return r; 231: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp } 234: 8d 65 f8 lea -0x8(%ebp),%esp 237: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 239: 5b pop %ebx 23a: 5e pop %esi 23b: 5d pop %ebp 23c: c3 ret 23d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return -1; 240: be ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%esi 245: eb ed jmp 234 247: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 24e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 00000250 : int atoi(const char *s) { 250: 55 push %ebp 251: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 253: 53 push %ebx 254: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; n = 0; while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 257: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 25a: 8d 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ecx 25d: 80 f9 09 cmp $0x9,%cl n = 0; 260: b9 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 265: 77 1e ja 285 267: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 26e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax n = n * 10 + *s++ - '0'; 270: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx 273: 8d 0c 89 lea (%ecx,%ecx,4),%ecx 276: 8d 4c 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax,%ecx,2),%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 27a: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 27d: 8d 58 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ebx 280: 80 fb 09 cmp $0x9,%bl 283: 76 eb jbe 270 } return n; } 285: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 288: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 28a: c9 leave 28b: c3 ret 28c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000290 : void* memmove(void *vdst, const void *vsrc, int n) { 290: 55 push %ebp 291: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 293: 57 push %edi 294: 8b 45 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%eax 297: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 29a: 56 push %esi 29b: 8b 75 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%esi char *dst; const char *src; dst = vdst; src = vsrc; while (n-- > 0) { 29e: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 2a0: 7e 13 jle 2b5 2a2: 01 d0 add %edx,%eax dst = vdst; 2a4: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 2a6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 2ad: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi *dst++ = *src++; 2b0: a4 movsb %ds:(%esi),%es:(%edi) while (n-- > 0) { 2b1: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 2b3: 75 fb jne 2b0 } return vdst; } 2b5: 5e pop %esi 2b6: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 2b8: 5f pop %edi 2b9: 5d pop %ebp 2ba: c3 ret 000002bb : name: \ movl $SYS_ ## name, %eax; \ int $T_SYSCALL; \ ret SYSCALL(fork) 2bb: b8 01 00 00 00 mov $0x1,%eax 2c0: cd 40 int $0x40 2c2: c3 ret 000002c3 : SYSCALL(exit) 2c3: b8 02 00 00 00 mov $0x2,%eax 2c8: cd 40 int $0x40 2ca: c3 ret 000002cb : SYSCALL(wait) 2cb: b8 03 00 00 00 mov $0x3,%eax 2d0: cd 40 int $0x40 2d2: c3 ret 000002d3 : SYSCALL(pipe) 2d3: b8 04 00 00 00 mov $0x4,%eax 2d8: cd 40 int $0x40 2da: c3 ret 000002db : SYSCALL(read) 2db: b8 05 00 00 00 mov $0x5,%eax 2e0: cd 40 int $0x40 2e2: c3 ret 000002e3 : SYSCALL(kill) 2e3: b8 06 00 00 00 mov $0x6,%eax 2e8: cd 40 int $0x40 2ea: c3 ret 000002eb : SYSCALL(exec) 2eb: b8 07 00 00 00 mov $0x7,%eax 2f0: cd 40 int $0x40 2f2: c3 ret 000002f3 : SYSCALL(fstat) 2f3: b8 08 00 00 00 mov $0x8,%eax 2f8: cd 40 int $0x40 2fa: c3 ret 000002fb : SYSCALL(chdir) 2fb: b8 09 00 00 00 mov $0x9,%eax 300: cd 40 int $0x40 302: c3 ret 00000303 : SYSCALL(dup) 303: b8 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%eax 308: cd 40 int $0x40 30a: c3 ret 0000030b : SYSCALL(getpid) 30b: b8 0b 00 00 00 mov $0xb,%eax 310: cd 40 int $0x40 312: c3 ret 00000313 : SYSCALL(sbrk) 313: b8 0c 00 00 00 mov $0xc,%eax 318: cd 40 int $0x40 31a: c3 ret 0000031b : SYSCALL(sleep) 31b: b8 0d 00 00 00 mov $0xd,%eax 320: cd 40 int $0x40 322: c3 ret 00000323 : SYSCALL(uptime) 323: b8 0e 00 00 00 mov $0xe,%eax 328: cd 40 int $0x40 32a: c3 ret 0000032b : SYSCALL(open) 32b: b8 0f 00 00 00 mov $0xf,%eax 330: cd 40 int $0x40 332: c3 ret 00000333 : SYSCALL(write) 333: b8 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%eax 338: cd 40 int $0x40 33a: c3 ret 0000033b : SYSCALL(mknod) 33b: b8 11 00 00 00 mov $0x11,%eax 340: cd 40 int $0x40 342: c3 ret 00000343 : SYSCALL(unlink) 343: b8 12 00 00 00 mov $0x12,%eax 348: cd 40 int $0x40 34a: c3 ret 0000034b : SYSCALL(link) 34b: b8 13 00 00 00 mov $0x13,%eax 350: cd 40 int $0x40 352: c3 ret 00000353 : SYSCALL(mkdir) 353: b8 14 00 00 00 mov $0x14,%eax 358: cd 40 int $0x40 35a: c3 ret 0000035b : SYSCALL(close) 35b: b8 15 00 00 00 mov $0x15,%eax 360: cd 40 int $0x40 362: c3 ret 00000363 : SYSCALL(getch) 363: b8 16 00 00 00 mov $0x16,%eax 368: cd 40 int $0x40 36a: c3 ret 0000036b : SYSCALL(greeting) 36b: b8 17 00 00 00 mov $0x17,%eax 370: cd 40 int $0x40 372: c3 ret 00000373 : SYSCALL(shutdown) 373: b8 18 00 00 00 mov $0x18,%eax 378: cd 40 int $0x40 37a: c3 ret 0000037b : SYSCALL(screen) 37b: b8 19 00 00 00 mov $0x19,%eax 380: cd 40 int $0x40 382: c3 ret 00000383 : SYSCALL(cls) 383: b8 1a 00 00 00 mov $0x1a,%eax 388: cd 40 int $0x40 38a: c3 ret 38b: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 38d: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 38f: 90 nop 00000390 : static void putc(int fd, char c) { write(fd, &c, 1); } static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 390: 55 push %ebp 391: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 393: 57 push %edi 394: 56 push %esi 395: 53 push %ebx 396: 83 ec 3c sub $0x3c,%esp 399: 89 4d c4 mov %ecx,-0x3c(%ebp) uint x; neg = 0; if (sgn && xx < 0) { neg = 1; x = -xx; 39c: 89 d1 mov %edx,%ecx static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 39e: 89 45 b8 mov %eax,-0x48(%ebp) if (sgn && xx < 0) { 3a1: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 3a3: 0f 89 7f 00 00 00 jns 428 3a9: f6 45 08 01 testb $0x1,0x8(%ebp) 3ad: 74 79 je 428 neg = 1; 3af: c7 45 bc 01 00 00 00 movl $0x1,-0x44(%ebp) x = -xx; 3b6: f7 d9 neg %ecx } else { x = xx; } i = 0; 3b8: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx 3ba: 8d 75 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp),%esi 3bd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi do { buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 3c0: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 3c2: 31 d2 xor %edx,%edx 3c4: 89 cf mov %ecx,%edi 3c6: f7 75 c4 divl -0x3c(%ebp) 3c9: 0f b6 92 d0 07 00 00 movzbl 0x7d0(%edx),%edx 3d0: 89 45 c0 mov %eax,-0x40(%ebp) 3d3: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax 3d5: 8d 5b 01 lea 0x1(%ebx),%ebx } while ((x /= base) != 0); 3d8: 8b 4d c0 mov -0x40(%ebp),%ecx buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 3db: 88 14 1e mov %dl,(%esi,%ebx,1) while ((x /= base) != 0); 3de: 39 7d c4 cmp %edi,-0x3c(%ebp) 3e1: 76 dd jbe 3c0 if (neg) { 3e3: 8b 4d bc mov -0x44(%ebp),%ecx 3e6: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 3e8: 74 0c je 3f6 buf[i++] = '-'; 3ea: c6 44 1d d8 2d movb $0x2d,-0x28(%ebp,%ebx,1) buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 3ef: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax buf[i++] = '-'; 3f1: ba 2d 00 00 00 mov $0x2d,%edx } while (--i >= 0) { 3f6: 8b 7d b8 mov -0x48(%ebp),%edi 3f9: 8d 5c 05 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp,%eax,1),%ebx 3fd: eb 07 jmp 406 3ff: 90 nop putc(fd, buf[i]); 400: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 403: 83 eb 01 sub $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 406: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 409: 88 55 d7 mov %dl,-0x29(%ebp) 40c: 6a 01 push $0x1 40e: 56 push %esi 40f: 57 push %edi 410: e8 1e ff ff ff call 333 while (--i >= 0) { 415: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 418: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 41a: 75 e4 jne 400 } } 41c: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 41f: 5b pop %ebx 420: 5e pop %esi 421: 5f pop %edi 422: 5d pop %ebp 423: c3 ret 424: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi neg = 0; 428: c7 45 bc 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,-0x44(%ebp) 42f: eb 87 jmp 3b8 431: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 438: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 43f: 90 nop 00000440 : // Print to the given fd. Only understands %d, %x, %p, %s. void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 440: 55 push %ebp 441: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 443: 57 push %edi 444: 56 push %esi 445: 53 push %ebx 446: 83 ec 2c sub $0x2c,%esp int c, i, state; uint *ap; state = 0; ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 449: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 44c: 8b 75 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%esi for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 44f: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 452: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 454: 74 6a je 4c0 ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 456: 8d 45 10 lea 0x10(%ebp),%eax 459: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 45c: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi state = 0; 45f: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 461: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) 464: eb 36 jmp 49c 466: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 46d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 470: 89 4d d4 mov %ecx,-0x2c(%ebp) c = fmt[i] & 0xff; if (state == 0) { if (c == '%') { state = '%'; 473: b9 25 00 00 00 mov $0x25,%ecx if (c == '%') { 478: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 47b: 74 15 je 492 write(fd, &c, 1); 47d: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 480: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 483: 6a 01 push $0x1 485: 57 push %edi 486: 56 push %esi 487: e8 a7 fe ff ff call 333 48c: 8b 4d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ecx } else { putc(fd, c); 48f: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 492: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 495: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 498: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 49a: 74 24 je 4c0 c = fmt[i] & 0xff; 49c: 0f b6 c2 movzbl %dl,%eax if (state == 0) { 49f: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 4a1: 74 cd je 470 } } else if (state == '%') { 4a3: 83 f9 25 cmp $0x25,%ecx 4a6: 75 ea jne 492 if (c == 'd') { 4a8: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 4ab: 0f 84 07 01 00 00 je 5b8 4b1: 83 e8 63 sub $0x63,%eax 4b4: 83 f8 15 cmp $0x15,%eax 4b7: 77 17 ja 4d0 4b9: ff 24 85 78 07 00 00 jmp *0x778(,%eax,4) putc(fd, c); } state = 0; } } } 4c0: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 4c3: 5b pop %ebx 4c4: 5e pop %esi 4c5: 5f pop %edi 4c6: 5d pop %ebp 4c7: c3 ret 4c8: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 4cf: 90 nop write(fd, &c, 1); 4d0: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 4d3: 88 55 d4 mov %dl,-0x2c(%ebp) 4d6: 6a 01 push $0x1 4d8: 57 push %edi 4d9: 56 push %esi 4da: c6 45 e7 25 movb $0x25,-0x19(%ebp) 4de: e8 50 fe ff ff call 333 putc(fd, c); 4e3: 0f b6 55 d4 movzbl -0x2c(%ebp),%edx write(fd, &c, 1); 4e7: 83 c4 0c add $0xc,%esp 4ea: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 4ed: 6a 01 push $0x1 4ef: 57 push %edi 4f0: 56 push %esi 4f1: e8 3d fe ff ff call 333 putc(fd, c); 4f6: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 4f9: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 4fb: eb 95 jmp 492 4fd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 16, 0); 500: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 503: b9 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%ecx 508: 6a 00 push $0x0 50a: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 50d: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx 50f: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 511: e8 7a fe ff ff call 390 ap++; 516: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 51a: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 51d: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 51f: e9 6e ff ff ff jmp 492 524: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi s = (char*)*ap; 528: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 52b: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx ap++; 52d: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax 530: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) if (s == 0) { 533: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 535: 0f 84 8d 00 00 00 je 5c8 while (*s != 0) { 53b: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax state = 0; 53e: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx while (*s != 0) { 540: 84 c0 test %al,%al 542: 0f 84 4a ff ff ff je 492 548: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 54b: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 54d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi write(fd, &c, 1); 550: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp s++; 553: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 556: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 559: 6a 01 push $0x1 55b: 57 push %edi 55c: 56 push %esi 55d: e8 d1 fd ff ff call 333 while (*s != 0) { 562: 0f b6 03 movzbl (%ebx),%eax 565: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 568: 84 c0 test %al,%al 56a: 75 e4 jne 550 state = 0; 56c: 8b 5d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ebx 56f: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 571: e9 1c ff ff ff jmp 492 576: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 57d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 10, 1); 580: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 583: b9 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%ecx 588: 6a 01 push $0x1 58a: e9 7b ff ff ff jmp 50a 58f: 90 nop putc(fd, *ap); 590: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 593: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp putc(fd, *ap); 596: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 598: 6a 01 push $0x1 59a: 57 push %edi 59b: 56 push %esi putc(fd, *ap); 59c: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 59f: e8 8f fd ff ff call 333 ap++; 5a4: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 5a8: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 5ab: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 5ad: e9 e0 fe ff ff jmp 492 5b2: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi putc(fd, c); 5b8: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 5bb: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 5be: e9 2a ff ff ff jmp 4ed 5c3: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 5c7: 90 nop s = "(null)"; 5c8: ba 71 07 00 00 mov $0x771,%edx while (*s != 0) { 5cd: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 5d0: b8 28 00 00 00 mov $0x28,%eax 5d5: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 5d7: e9 74 ff ff ff jmp 550 5dc: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 5de: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 000005e0 : typedef union header Header; static Header base; static Header *freep; void free(void *ap) { 5e0: 55 push %ebp Header *bp, *p; bp = (Header*)ap - 1; for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 5e1: a1 84 0a 00 00 mov 0xa84,%eax void free(void *ap) { 5e6: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 5e8: 57 push %edi 5e9: 56 push %esi 5ea: 53 push %ebx 5eb: 8b 5d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ebx bp = (Header*)ap - 1; 5ee: 8d 4b f8 lea -0x8(%ebx),%ecx for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 5f1: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 5f8: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 5fa: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 5fc: 39 ca cmp %ecx,%edx 5fe: 73 30 jae 630 600: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 602: 72 04 jb 608 if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 604: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 606: 72 f0 jb 5f8 break; } } if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 608: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 60b: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 60e: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 610: 74 30 je 642 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 612: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) } else { bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; } if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 615: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 618: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 61b: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 61d: 74 3a je 659 p->s.size += bp->s.size; p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 61f: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } else { p->s.ptr = bp; } freep = p; } 621: 5b pop %ebx freep = p; 622: 89 15 84 0a 00 00 mov %edx,0xa84 } 628: 5e pop %esi 629: 5f pop %edi 62a: 5d pop %ebp 62b: c3 ret 62c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 630: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 632: 72 c4 jb 5f8 634: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 636: 73 c0 jae 5f8 if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 638: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 63b: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 63e: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 640: 75 d0 jne 612 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; 642: 03 70 04 add 0x4(%eax),%esi 645: 89 73 fc mov %esi,-0x4(%ebx) bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 648: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax 64a: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 64c: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 64f: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 652: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 655: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 657: 75 c6 jne 61f p->s.size += bp->s.size; 659: 03 43 fc add -0x4(%ebx),%eax freep = p; 65c: 89 15 84 0a 00 00 mov %edx,0xa84 p->s.size += bp->s.size; 662: 89 42 04 mov %eax,0x4(%edx) p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 665: 8b 4b f8 mov -0x8(%ebx),%ecx 668: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } 66a: 5b pop %ebx 66b: 5e pop %esi 66c: 5f pop %edi 66d: 5d pop %ebp 66e: c3 ret 66f: 90 nop 00000670 : hp->s.size = nu; free((void*)(hp + 1)); return freep; } void* malloc(uint nbytes) { 670: 55 push %ebp 671: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 673: 57 push %edi 674: 56 push %esi 675: 53 push %ebx 676: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp Header *p, *prevp; uint nunits; nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 679: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 67c: 8b 3d 84 0a 00 00 mov 0xa84,%edi nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 682: 8d 70 07 lea 0x7(%eax),%esi 685: c1 ee 03 shr $0x3,%esi 688: 83 c6 01 add $0x1,%esi if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 68b: 85 ff test %edi,%edi 68d: 0f 84 9d 00 00 00 je 730 base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; base.s.size = 0; } for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 693: 8b 17 mov (%edi),%edx if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 695: 8b 4a 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%ecx 698: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 69a: 73 6a jae 706 69c: bb 00 10 00 00 mov $0x1000,%ebx 6a1: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 6a3: 0f 43 de cmovae %esi,%ebx p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 6a6: 8d 04 dd 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(,%ebx,8),%eax 6ad: 89 45 e4 mov %eax,-0x1c(%ebp) 6b0: eb 17 jmp 6c9 6b2: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 6b8: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 6ba: 8b 48 04 mov 0x4(%eax),%ecx 6bd: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 6bf: 73 4f jae 710 p->s.size = nunits; } freep = prevp; return (void*)(p + 1); } if (p == freep) { 6c1: 8b 3d 84 0a 00 00 mov 0xa84,%edi 6c7: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 6c9: 39 d7 cmp %edx,%edi 6cb: 75 eb jne 6b8 p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 6cd: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 6d0: ff 75 e4 push -0x1c(%ebp) 6d3: e8 3b fc ff ff call 313 if (p == (char*)-1) { 6d8: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 6db: 83 f8 ff cmp $0xffffffff,%eax 6de: 74 1c je 6fc hp->s.size = nu; 6e0: 89 58 04 mov %ebx,0x4(%eax) free((void*)(hp + 1)); 6e3: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 6e6: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax 6e9: 50 push %eax 6ea: e8 f1 fe ff ff call 5e0 return freep; 6ef: 8b 15 84 0a 00 00 mov 0xa84,%edx if ((p = morecore(nunits)) == 0) { 6f5: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 6f8: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 6fa: 75 bc jne 6b8 return 0; } } } } 6fc: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return 0; 6ff: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 701: 5b pop %ebx 702: 5e pop %esi 703: 5f pop %edi 704: 5d pop %ebp 705: c3 ret if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 706: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 708: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx 70a: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi if (p->s.size == nunits) { 710: 39 ce cmp %ecx,%esi 712: 74 4c je 760 p->s.size -= nunits; 714: 29 f1 sub %esi,%ecx 716: 89 48 04 mov %ecx,0x4(%eax) p += p->s.size; 719: 8d 04 c8 lea (%eax,%ecx,8),%eax p->s.size = nunits; 71c: 89 70 04 mov %esi,0x4(%eax) freep = prevp; 71f: 89 15 84 0a 00 00 mov %edx,0xa84 } 725: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return (void*)(p + 1); 728: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax } 72b: 5b pop %ebx 72c: 5e pop %esi 72d: 5f pop %edi 72e: 5d pop %ebp 72f: c3 ret base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 730: c7 05 84 0a 00 00 88 movl $0xa88,0xa84 737: 0a 00 00 base.s.size = 0; 73a: bf 88 0a 00 00 mov $0xa88,%edi base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 73f: c7 05 88 0a 00 00 88 movl $0xa88,0xa88 746: 0a 00 00 for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 749: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx base.s.size = 0; 74b: c7 05 8c 0a 00 00 00 movl $0x0,0xa8c 752: 00 00 00 if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 755: e9 42 ff ff ff jmp 69c 75a: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi prevp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; 760: 8b 08 mov (%eax),%ecx 762: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) 764: eb b9 jmp 71f