_init: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: 00000000
: #include "user.h" #include "fcntl.h" char *argv[] = { "sh", 0 }; int main(void) { 0: 8d 4c 24 04 lea 0x4(%esp),%ecx 4: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp 7: ff 71 fc push -0x4(%ecx) a: 55 push %ebp b: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp d: 53 push %ebx e: 51 push %ecx int pid, wpid; if (open("console", O_RDWR) < 0) { f: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 12: 6a 02 push $0x2 14: 68 d8 07 00 00 push $0x7d8 19: e8 7d 03 00 00 call 39b 1e: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 21: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 23: 0f 88 8d 00 00 00 js b6 mknod("console", 1, 1); open("console", O_RDWR); } dup(0); // stdout 29: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 2c: 6a 00 push $0x0 2e: e8 40 03 00 00 call 373 dup(0); // stderr 33: c7 04 24 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,(%esp) 3a: e8 34 03 00 00 call 373 3f: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 42: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi for (;;) { printf(1, "init: starting sh\n"); 48: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 4b: 68 e0 07 00 00 push $0x7e0 50: 6a 01 push $0x1 52: e8 59 04 00 00 call 4b0 pid = fork(); 57: e8 cf 02 00 00 call 32b if (pid < 0) { 5c: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp pid = fork(); 5f: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx if (pid < 0) { 61: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 63: 78 1a js 7f printf(1, "init: fork failed\n"); exit(); } if (pid == 0) { 65: 74 2b je 92 67: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 6e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax exec("sh", argv); printf(1, "init: exec sh failed\n"); exit(); } while ((wpid = wait()) >= 0 && wpid != pid) { 70: e8 c6 02 00 00 call 33b 75: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 77: 78 cf js 48 79: 39 c3 cmp %eax,%ebx 7b: 75 f3 jne 70 7d: eb c9 jmp 48 printf(1, "init: fork failed\n"); 7f: 53 push %ebx 80: 53 push %ebx 81: 68 f3 07 00 00 push $0x7f3 86: 6a 01 push $0x1 88: e8 23 04 00 00 call 4b0 exit(); 8d: e8 a1 02 00 00 call 333 exec("sh", argv); 92: 50 push %eax 93: 50 push %eax 94: 68 2c 0b 00 00 push $0xb2c 99: 68 06 08 00 00 push $0x806 9e: e8 b8 02 00 00 call 35b printf(1, "init: exec sh failed\n"); a3: 5a pop %edx a4: 59 pop %ecx a5: 68 09 08 00 00 push $0x809 aa: 6a 01 push $0x1 ac: e8 ff 03 00 00 call 4b0 exit(); b1: e8 7d 02 00 00 call 333 mknod("console", 1, 1); b6: 50 push %eax b7: 6a 01 push $0x1 b9: 6a 01 push $0x1 bb: 68 d8 07 00 00 push $0x7d8 c0: e8 e6 02 00 00 call 3ab open("console", O_RDWR); c5: 58 pop %eax c6: 5a pop %edx c7: 6a 02 push $0x2 c9: 68 d8 07 00 00 push $0x7d8 ce: e8 c8 02 00 00 call 39b d3: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp d6: e9 4e ff ff ff jmp 29 db: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax dd: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax df: 90 nop 000000e0 : #include "stat.h" #include "fcntl.h" #include "user.h" #include "x86.h" char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { e0: 55 push %ebp char *os; os = s; while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { e1: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { e3: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp e5: 53 push %ebx e6: 8b 4d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ecx e9: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx ec: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { f0: 0f b6 14 03 movzbl (%ebx,%eax,1),%edx f4: 88 14 01 mov %dl,(%ecx,%eax,1) f7: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax fa: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl fc: 75 f2 jne f0 ; } return os; } fe: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 101: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 103: c9 leave 104: c3 ret 105: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 10c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000110 : int strcmp(const char *p, const char *q) { 110: 55 push %ebp 111: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 113: 53 push %ebx 114: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 117: 8b 4d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { 11a: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax 11d: 84 c0 test %al,%al 11f: 75 17 jne 138 121: eb 3a jmp 15d 123: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 127: 90 nop 128: 0f b6 42 01 movzbl 0x1(%edx),%eax p++, q++; 12c: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx 12f: 8d 59 01 lea 0x1(%ecx),%ebx while (*p && *p == *q) { 132: 84 c0 test %al,%al 134: 74 1a je 150 p++, q++; 136: 89 d9 mov %ebx,%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { 138: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx 13b: 38 c3 cmp %al,%bl 13d: 74 e9 je 128 } return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 13f: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } 141: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 144: c9 leave 145: c3 ret 146: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 14d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 150: 0f b6 59 01 movzbl 0x1(%ecx),%ebx 154: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 156: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } 158: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 15b: c9 leave 15c: c3 ret return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 15d: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx 160: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 162: eb db jmp 13f 164: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 16b: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 16f: 90 nop 00000170 : uint strlen(const char *s) { 170: 55 push %ebp 171: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 173: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 176: 80 3a 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx) 179: 74 15 je 190 17b: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 17d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 180: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 183: 80 3c 02 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx,%eax,1) 187: 89 c1 mov %eax,%ecx 189: 75 f5 jne 180 ; } return n; } 18b: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 18d: 5d pop %ebp 18e: c3 ret 18f: 90 nop for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 190: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx } 192: 5d pop %ebp 193: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 195: c3 ret 196: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 19d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 000001a0 : void* memset(void *dst, int c, uint n) { 1a0: 55 push %ebp 1a1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 1a3: 57 push %edi 1a4: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx "d" (port), "0" (addr), "1" (cnt) : "cc"); } static inline void stosb(void *addr, int data, int cnt) { asm volatile ("cld; rep stosb" : 1a7: 8b 4d 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%ecx 1aa: 8b 45 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax 1ad: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 1af: fc cld 1b0: f3 aa rep stos %al,%es:(%edi) stosb(dst, c, n); return dst; } 1b2: 8b 7d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%edi 1b5: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 1b7: c9 leave 1b8: c3 ret 1b9: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 000001c0 : char* strchr(const char *s, char c) { 1c0: 55 push %ebp 1c1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 1c3: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 1c6: 0f b6 4d 0c movzbl 0xc(%ebp),%ecx for (; *s; s++) { 1ca: 0f b6 10 movzbl (%eax),%edx 1cd: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 1cf: 75 12 jne 1e3 1d1: eb 1d jmp 1f0 1d3: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1d7: 90 nop 1d8: 0f b6 50 01 movzbl 0x1(%eax),%edx 1dc: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 1df: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 1e1: 74 0d je 1f0 if (*s == c) { 1e3: 38 d1 cmp %dl,%cl 1e5: 75 f1 jne 1d8 return (char*)s; } } return 0; } 1e7: 5d pop %ebp 1e8: c3 ret 1e9: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi return 0; 1f0: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 1f2: 5d pop %ebp 1f3: c3 ret 1f4: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1fb: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1ff: 90 nop 00000200 : char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 200: 55 push %ebp 201: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 203: 57 push %edi 204: 56 push %esi int i, cc; char c; for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { cc = read(0, &c, 1); 205: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 208: 53 push %ebx for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 209: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 20b: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 20e: eb 27 jmp 237 cc = read(0, &c, 1); 210: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 213: 6a 01 push $0x1 215: 57 push %edi 216: 6a 00 push $0x0 218: e8 2e 01 00 00 call 34b if (cc < 1) { 21d: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 220: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 222: 7e 1d jle 241 break; } buf[i++] = c; 224: 0f b6 45 e7 movzbl -0x19(%ebp),%eax 228: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 22b: 88 44 1a ff mov %al,-0x1(%edx,%ebx,1) if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') { 22f: 3c 0a cmp $0xa,%al 231: 74 1d je 250 233: 3c 0d cmp $0xd,%al 235: 74 19 je 250 for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 237: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 239: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 23c: 3b 5d 0c cmp 0xc(%ebp),%ebx 23f: 7c cf jl 210 break; } } buf[i] = '\0'; 241: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 244: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) return buf; } 248: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 24b: 5b pop %ebx 24c: 5e pop %esi 24d: 5f pop %edi 24e: 5d pop %ebp 24f: c3 ret buf[i] = '\0'; 250: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 253: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 255: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) } 259: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 25c: 5b pop %ebx 25d: 5e pop %esi 25e: 5f pop %edi 25f: 5d pop %ebp 260: c3 ret 261: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 268: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 26f: 90 nop 00000270 : int stat(const char *n, struct stat *st) { 270: 55 push %ebp 271: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 273: 56 push %esi 274: 53 push %ebx int fd; int r; fd = open(n, O_RDONLY); 275: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 278: 6a 00 push $0x0 27a: ff 75 08 push 0x8(%ebp) 27d: e8 19 01 00 00 call 39b if (fd < 0) { 282: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 285: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 287: 78 27 js 2b0 return -1; } r = fstat(fd, st); 289: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 28c: ff 75 0c push 0xc(%ebp) 28f: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx 291: 50 push %eax 292: e8 cc 00 00 00 call 363 close(fd); 297: 89 1c 24 mov %ebx,(%esp) r = fstat(fd, st); 29a: 89 c6 mov %eax,%esi close(fd); 29c: e8 2a 01 00 00 call 3cb return r; 2a1: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp } 2a4: 8d 65 f8 lea -0x8(%ebp),%esp 2a7: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 2a9: 5b pop %ebx 2aa: 5e pop %esi 2ab: 5d pop %ebp 2ac: c3 ret 2ad: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return -1; 2b0: be ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%esi 2b5: eb ed jmp 2a4 2b7: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 2be: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 000002c0 : int atoi(const char *s) { 2c0: 55 push %ebp 2c1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 2c3: 53 push %ebx 2c4: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; n = 0; while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2c7: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 2ca: 8d 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ecx 2cd: 80 f9 09 cmp $0x9,%cl n = 0; 2d0: b9 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2d5: 77 1e ja 2f5 2d7: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 2de: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax n = n * 10 + *s++ - '0'; 2e0: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx 2e3: 8d 0c 89 lea (%ecx,%ecx,4),%ecx 2e6: 8d 4c 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax,%ecx,2),%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2ea: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 2ed: 8d 58 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ebx 2f0: 80 fb 09 cmp $0x9,%bl 2f3: 76 eb jbe 2e0 } return n; } 2f5: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 2f8: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 2fa: c9 leave 2fb: c3 ret 2fc: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000300 : void* memmove(void *vdst, const void *vsrc, int n) { 300: 55 push %ebp 301: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 303: 57 push %edi 304: 8b 45 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%eax 307: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 30a: 56 push %esi 30b: 8b 75 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%esi char *dst; const char *src; dst = vdst; src = vsrc; while (n-- > 0) { 30e: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 310: 7e 13 jle 325 312: 01 d0 add %edx,%eax dst = vdst; 314: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 316: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 31d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi *dst++ = *src++; 320: a4 movsb %ds:(%esi),%es:(%edi) while (n-- > 0) { 321: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 323: 75 fb jne 320 } return vdst; } 325: 5e pop %esi 326: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 328: 5f pop %edi 329: 5d pop %ebp 32a: c3 ret 0000032b : name: \ movl $SYS_ ## name, %eax; \ int $T_SYSCALL; \ ret SYSCALL(fork) 32b: b8 01 00 00 00 mov $0x1,%eax 330: cd 40 int $0x40 332: c3 ret 00000333 : SYSCALL(exit) 333: b8 02 00 00 00 mov $0x2,%eax 338: cd 40 int $0x40 33a: c3 ret 0000033b : SYSCALL(wait) 33b: b8 03 00 00 00 mov $0x3,%eax 340: cd 40 int $0x40 342: c3 ret 00000343 : SYSCALL(pipe) 343: b8 04 00 00 00 mov $0x4,%eax 348: cd 40 int $0x40 34a: c3 ret 0000034b : SYSCALL(read) 34b: b8 05 00 00 00 mov $0x5,%eax 350: cd 40 int $0x40 352: c3 ret 00000353 : SYSCALL(kill) 353: b8 06 00 00 00 mov $0x6,%eax 358: cd 40 int $0x40 35a: c3 ret 0000035b : SYSCALL(exec) 35b: b8 07 00 00 00 mov $0x7,%eax 360: cd 40 int $0x40 362: c3 ret 00000363 : SYSCALL(fstat) 363: b8 08 00 00 00 mov $0x8,%eax 368: cd 40 int $0x40 36a: c3 ret 0000036b : SYSCALL(chdir) 36b: b8 09 00 00 00 mov $0x9,%eax 370: cd 40 int $0x40 372: c3 ret 00000373 : SYSCALL(dup) 373: b8 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%eax 378: cd 40 int $0x40 37a: c3 ret 0000037b : SYSCALL(getpid) 37b: b8 0b 00 00 00 mov $0xb,%eax 380: cd 40 int $0x40 382: c3 ret 00000383 : SYSCALL(sbrk) 383: b8 0c 00 00 00 mov $0xc,%eax 388: cd 40 int $0x40 38a: c3 ret 0000038b : SYSCALL(sleep) 38b: b8 0d 00 00 00 mov $0xd,%eax 390: cd 40 int $0x40 392: c3 ret 00000393 : SYSCALL(uptime) 393: b8 0e 00 00 00 mov $0xe,%eax 398: cd 40 int $0x40 39a: c3 ret 0000039b : SYSCALL(open) 39b: b8 0f 00 00 00 mov $0xf,%eax 3a0: cd 40 int $0x40 3a2: c3 ret 000003a3 : SYSCALL(write) 3a3: b8 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%eax 3a8: cd 40 int $0x40 3aa: c3 ret 000003ab : SYSCALL(mknod) 3ab: b8 11 00 00 00 mov $0x11,%eax 3b0: cd 40 int $0x40 3b2: c3 ret 000003b3 : SYSCALL(unlink) 3b3: b8 12 00 00 00 mov $0x12,%eax 3b8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ba: c3 ret 000003bb : SYSCALL(link) 3bb: b8 13 00 00 00 mov $0x13,%eax 3c0: cd 40 int $0x40 3c2: c3 ret 000003c3 : SYSCALL(mkdir) 3c3: b8 14 00 00 00 mov $0x14,%eax 3c8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ca: c3 ret 000003cb : SYSCALL(close) 3cb: b8 15 00 00 00 mov $0x15,%eax 3d0: cd 40 int $0x40 3d2: c3 ret 000003d3 : SYSCALL(getch) 3d3: b8 16 00 00 00 mov $0x16,%eax 3d8: cd 40 int $0x40 3da: c3 ret 000003db : SYSCALL(greeting) 3db: b8 17 00 00 00 mov $0x17,%eax 3e0: cd 40 int $0x40 3e2: c3 ret 000003e3 : SYSCALL(shutdown) 3e3: b8 18 00 00 00 mov $0x18,%eax 3e8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ea: c3 ret 000003eb : SYSCALL(screen) 3eb: b8 19 00 00 00 mov $0x19,%eax 3f0: cd 40 int $0x40 3f2: c3 ret 000003f3 : SYSCALL(cls) 3f3: b8 1a 00 00 00 mov $0x1a,%eax 3f8: cd 40 int $0x40 3fa: c3 ret 3fb: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 3fd: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 3ff: 90 nop 00000400 : static void putc(int fd, char c) { write(fd, &c, 1); } static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 400: 55 push %ebp 401: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 403: 57 push %edi 404: 56 push %esi 405: 53 push %ebx 406: 83 ec 3c sub $0x3c,%esp 409: 89 4d c4 mov %ecx,-0x3c(%ebp) uint x; neg = 0; if (sgn && xx < 0) { neg = 1; x = -xx; 40c: 89 d1 mov %edx,%ecx static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 40e: 89 45 b8 mov %eax,-0x48(%ebp) if (sgn && xx < 0) { 411: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 413: 0f 89 7f 00 00 00 jns 498 419: f6 45 08 01 testb $0x1,0x8(%ebp) 41d: 74 79 je 498 neg = 1; 41f: c7 45 bc 01 00 00 00 movl $0x1,-0x44(%ebp) x = -xx; 426: f7 d9 neg %ecx } else { x = xx; } i = 0; 428: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx 42a: 8d 75 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp),%esi 42d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi do { buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 430: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 432: 31 d2 xor %edx,%edx 434: 89 cf mov %ecx,%edi 436: f7 75 c4 divl -0x3c(%ebp) 439: 0f b6 92 80 08 00 00 movzbl 0x880(%edx),%edx 440: 89 45 c0 mov %eax,-0x40(%ebp) 443: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax 445: 8d 5b 01 lea 0x1(%ebx),%ebx } while ((x /= base) != 0); 448: 8b 4d c0 mov -0x40(%ebp),%ecx buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 44b: 88 14 1e mov %dl,(%esi,%ebx,1) while ((x /= base) != 0); 44e: 39 7d c4 cmp %edi,-0x3c(%ebp) 451: 76 dd jbe 430 if (neg) { 453: 8b 4d bc mov -0x44(%ebp),%ecx 456: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 458: 74 0c je 466 buf[i++] = '-'; 45a: c6 44 1d d8 2d movb $0x2d,-0x28(%ebp,%ebx,1) buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 45f: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax buf[i++] = '-'; 461: ba 2d 00 00 00 mov $0x2d,%edx } while (--i >= 0) { 466: 8b 7d b8 mov -0x48(%ebp),%edi 469: 8d 5c 05 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp,%eax,1),%ebx 46d: eb 07 jmp 476 46f: 90 nop putc(fd, buf[i]); 470: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 473: 83 eb 01 sub $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 476: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 479: 88 55 d7 mov %dl,-0x29(%ebp) 47c: 6a 01 push $0x1 47e: 56 push %esi 47f: 57 push %edi 480: e8 1e ff ff ff call 3a3 while (--i >= 0) { 485: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 488: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 48a: 75 e4 jne 470 } } 48c: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 48f: 5b pop %ebx 490: 5e pop %esi 491: 5f pop %edi 492: 5d pop %ebp 493: c3 ret 494: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi neg = 0; 498: c7 45 bc 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,-0x44(%ebp) 49f: eb 87 jmp 428 4a1: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 4a8: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 4af: 90 nop 000004b0 : // Print to the given fd. Only understands %d, %x, %p, %s. void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 4b0: 55 push %ebp 4b1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 4b3: 57 push %edi 4b4: 56 push %esi 4b5: 53 push %ebx 4b6: 83 ec 2c sub $0x2c,%esp int c, i, state; uint *ap; state = 0; ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 4b9: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 4bc: 8b 75 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%esi for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 4bf: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 4c2: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 4c4: 74 6a je 530 ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 4c6: 8d 45 10 lea 0x10(%ebp),%eax 4c9: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 4cc: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi state = 0; 4cf: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 4d1: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) 4d4: eb 36 jmp 50c 4d6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 4dd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 4e0: 89 4d d4 mov %ecx,-0x2c(%ebp) c = fmt[i] & 0xff; if (state == 0) { if (c == '%') { state = '%'; 4e3: b9 25 00 00 00 mov $0x25,%ecx if (c == '%') { 4e8: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 4eb: 74 15 je 502 write(fd, &c, 1); 4ed: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 4f0: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 4f3: 6a 01 push $0x1 4f5: 57 push %edi 4f6: 56 push %esi 4f7: e8 a7 fe ff ff call 3a3 4fc: 8b 4d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ecx } else { putc(fd, c); 4ff: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 502: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 505: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 508: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 50a: 74 24 je 530 c = fmt[i] & 0xff; 50c: 0f b6 c2 movzbl %dl,%eax if (state == 0) { 50f: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 511: 74 cd je 4e0 } } else if (state == '%') { 513: 83 f9 25 cmp $0x25,%ecx 516: 75 ea jne 502 if (c == 'd') { 518: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 51b: 0f 84 07 01 00 00 je 628 521: 83 e8 63 sub $0x63,%eax 524: 83 f8 15 cmp $0x15,%eax 527: 77 17 ja 540 529: ff 24 85 28 08 00 00 jmp *0x828(,%eax,4) putc(fd, c); } state = 0; } } } 530: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 533: 5b pop %ebx 534: 5e pop %esi 535: 5f pop %edi 536: 5d pop %ebp 537: c3 ret 538: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 53f: 90 nop write(fd, &c, 1); 540: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 543: 88 55 d4 mov %dl,-0x2c(%ebp) 546: 6a 01 push $0x1 548: 57 push %edi 549: 56 push %esi 54a: c6 45 e7 25 movb $0x25,-0x19(%ebp) 54e: e8 50 fe ff ff call 3a3 putc(fd, c); 553: 0f b6 55 d4 movzbl -0x2c(%ebp),%edx write(fd, &c, 1); 557: 83 c4 0c add $0xc,%esp 55a: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 55d: 6a 01 push $0x1 55f: 57 push %edi 560: 56 push %esi 561: e8 3d fe ff ff call 3a3 putc(fd, c); 566: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 569: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 56b: eb 95 jmp 502 56d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 16, 0); 570: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 573: b9 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%ecx 578: 6a 00 push $0x0 57a: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 57d: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx 57f: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 581: e8 7a fe ff ff call 400 ap++; 586: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 58a: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 58d: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 58f: e9 6e ff ff ff jmp 502 594: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi s = (char*)*ap; 598: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 59b: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx ap++; 59d: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax 5a0: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) if (s == 0) { 5a3: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 5a5: 0f 84 8d 00 00 00 je 638 while (*s != 0) { 5ab: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax state = 0; 5ae: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx while (*s != 0) { 5b0: 84 c0 test %al,%al 5b2: 0f 84 4a ff ff ff je 502 5b8: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 5bb: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 5bd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi write(fd, &c, 1); 5c0: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp s++; 5c3: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 5c6: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 5c9: 6a 01 push $0x1 5cb: 57 push %edi 5cc: 56 push %esi 5cd: e8 d1 fd ff ff call 3a3 while (*s != 0) { 5d2: 0f b6 03 movzbl (%ebx),%eax 5d5: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 5d8: 84 c0 test %al,%al 5da: 75 e4 jne 5c0 state = 0; 5dc: 8b 5d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ebx 5df: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 5e1: e9 1c ff ff ff jmp 502 5e6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 5ed: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 10, 1); 5f0: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 5f3: b9 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%ecx 5f8: 6a 01 push $0x1 5fa: e9 7b ff ff ff jmp 57a 5ff: 90 nop putc(fd, *ap); 600: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 603: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp putc(fd, *ap); 606: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 608: 6a 01 push $0x1 60a: 57 push %edi 60b: 56 push %esi putc(fd, *ap); 60c: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 60f: e8 8f fd ff ff call 3a3 ap++; 614: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 618: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 61b: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 61d: e9 e0 fe ff ff jmp 502 622: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi putc(fd, c); 628: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 62b: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 62e: e9 2a ff ff ff jmp 55d 633: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 637: 90 nop s = "(null)"; 638: ba 1f 08 00 00 mov $0x81f,%edx while (*s != 0) { 63d: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 640: b8 28 00 00 00 mov $0x28,%eax 645: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 647: e9 74 ff ff ff jmp 5c0 64c: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 64e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 00000650 : typedef union header Header; static Header base; static Header *freep; void free(void *ap) { 650: 55 push %ebp Header *bp, *p; bp = (Header*)ap - 1; for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 651: a1 34 0b 00 00 mov 0xb34,%eax void free(void *ap) { 656: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 658: 57 push %edi 659: 56 push %esi 65a: 53 push %ebx 65b: 8b 5d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ebx bp = (Header*)ap - 1; 65e: 8d 4b f8 lea -0x8(%ebx),%ecx for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 661: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 668: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 66a: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 66c: 39 ca cmp %ecx,%edx 66e: 73 30 jae 6a0 670: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 672: 72 04 jb 678 if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 674: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 676: 72 f0 jb 668 break; } } if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 678: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 67b: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 67e: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 680: 74 30 je 6b2 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 682: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) } else { bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; } if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 685: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 688: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 68b: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 68d: 74 3a je 6c9 p->s.size += bp->s.size; p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 68f: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } else { p->s.ptr = bp; } freep = p; } 691: 5b pop %ebx freep = p; 692: 89 15 34 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb34 } 698: 5e pop %esi 699: 5f pop %edi 69a: 5d pop %ebp 69b: c3 ret 69c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 6a0: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 6a2: 72 c4 jb 668 6a4: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 6a6: 73 c0 jae 668 if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 6a8: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 6ab: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 6ae: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 6b0: 75 d0 jne 682 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; 6b2: 03 70 04 add 0x4(%eax),%esi 6b5: 89 73 fc mov %esi,-0x4(%ebx) bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 6b8: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax 6ba: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 6bc: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 6bf: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 6c2: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 6c5: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 6c7: 75 c6 jne 68f p->s.size += bp->s.size; 6c9: 03 43 fc add -0x4(%ebx),%eax freep = p; 6cc: 89 15 34 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb34 p->s.size += bp->s.size; 6d2: 89 42 04 mov %eax,0x4(%edx) p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 6d5: 8b 4b f8 mov -0x8(%ebx),%ecx 6d8: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } 6da: 5b pop %ebx 6db: 5e pop %esi 6dc: 5f pop %edi 6dd: 5d pop %ebp 6de: c3 ret 6df: 90 nop 000006e0 : hp->s.size = nu; free((void*)(hp + 1)); return freep; } void* malloc(uint nbytes) { 6e0: 55 push %ebp 6e1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 6e3: 57 push %edi 6e4: 56 push %esi 6e5: 53 push %ebx 6e6: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp Header *p, *prevp; uint nunits; nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 6e9: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 6ec: 8b 3d 34 0b 00 00 mov 0xb34,%edi nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 6f2: 8d 70 07 lea 0x7(%eax),%esi 6f5: c1 ee 03 shr $0x3,%esi 6f8: 83 c6 01 add $0x1,%esi if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 6fb: 85 ff test %edi,%edi 6fd: 0f 84 9d 00 00 00 je 7a0 base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; base.s.size = 0; } for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 703: 8b 17 mov (%edi),%edx if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 705: 8b 4a 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%ecx 708: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 70a: 73 6a jae 776 70c: bb 00 10 00 00 mov $0x1000,%ebx 711: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 713: 0f 43 de cmovae %esi,%ebx p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 716: 8d 04 dd 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(,%ebx,8),%eax 71d: 89 45 e4 mov %eax,-0x1c(%ebp) 720: eb 17 jmp 739 722: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 728: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 72a: 8b 48 04 mov 0x4(%eax),%ecx 72d: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 72f: 73 4f jae 780 p->s.size = nunits; } freep = prevp; return (void*)(p + 1); } if (p == freep) { 731: 8b 3d 34 0b 00 00 mov 0xb34,%edi 737: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 739: 39 d7 cmp %edx,%edi 73b: 75 eb jne 728 p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 73d: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 740: ff 75 e4 push -0x1c(%ebp) 743: e8 3b fc ff ff call 383 if (p == (char*)-1) { 748: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 74b: 83 f8 ff cmp $0xffffffff,%eax 74e: 74 1c je 76c hp->s.size = nu; 750: 89 58 04 mov %ebx,0x4(%eax) free((void*)(hp + 1)); 753: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 756: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax 759: 50 push %eax 75a: e8 f1 fe ff ff call 650 return freep; 75f: 8b 15 34 0b 00 00 mov 0xb34,%edx if ((p = morecore(nunits)) == 0) { 765: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 768: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 76a: 75 bc jne 728 return 0; } } } } 76c: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return 0; 76f: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 771: 5b pop %ebx 772: 5e pop %esi 773: 5f pop %edi 774: 5d pop %ebp 775: c3 ret if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 776: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 778: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx 77a: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi if (p->s.size == nunits) { 780: 39 ce cmp %ecx,%esi 782: 74 4c je 7d0 p->s.size -= nunits; 784: 29 f1 sub %esi,%ecx 786: 89 48 04 mov %ecx,0x4(%eax) p += p->s.size; 789: 8d 04 c8 lea (%eax,%ecx,8),%eax p->s.size = nunits; 78c: 89 70 04 mov %esi,0x4(%eax) freep = prevp; 78f: 89 15 34 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb34 } 795: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return (void*)(p + 1); 798: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax } 79b: 5b pop %ebx 79c: 5e pop %esi 79d: 5f pop %edi 79e: 5d pop %ebp 79f: c3 ret base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 7a0: c7 05 34 0b 00 00 38 movl $0xb38,0xb34 7a7: 0b 00 00 base.s.size = 0; 7aa: bf 38 0b 00 00 mov $0xb38,%edi base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 7af: c7 05 38 0b 00 00 38 movl $0xb38,0xb38 7b6: 0b 00 00 for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 7b9: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx base.s.size = 0; 7bb: c7 05 3c 0b 00 00 00 movl $0x0,0xb3c 7c2: 00 00 00 if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 7c5: e9 42 ff ff ff jmp 70c 7ca: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi prevp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; 7d0: 8b 08 mov (%eax),%ecx 7d2: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) 7d4: eb b9 jmp 78f