_init: file format elf32-i386 Disassembly of section .text: 00000000
: #include "user.h" #include "fcntl.h" char *argv[] = { "sh", 0 }; int main(void) { 0: 8d 4c 24 04 lea 0x4(%esp),%ecx 4: 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffff0,%esp 7: ff 71 fc push -0x4(%ecx) a: 55 push %ebp b: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp d: 53 push %ebx e: 51 push %ecx int pid, wpid; if (open("console", O_RDWR) < 0) { f: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 12: 6a 02 push $0x2 14: 68 c8 07 00 00 push $0x7c8 19: e8 7d 03 00 00 call 39b 1e: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 21: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 23: 0f 88 8d 00 00 00 js b6 mknod("console", 1, 1); open("console", O_RDWR); } dup(0); // stdout 29: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 2c: 6a 00 push $0x0 2e: e8 40 03 00 00 call 373 dup(0); // stderr 33: c7 04 24 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,(%esp) 3a: e8 34 03 00 00 call 373 3f: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 42: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi for (;;) { printf(1, "init: starting sh\n"); 48: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 4b: 68 d0 07 00 00 push $0x7d0 50: 6a 01 push $0x1 52: e8 49 04 00 00 call 4a0 pid = fork(); 57: e8 cf 02 00 00 call 32b if (pid < 0) { 5c: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp pid = fork(); 5f: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx if (pid < 0) { 61: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 63: 78 1a js 7f printf(1, "init: fork failed\n"); exit(); } if (pid == 0) { 65: 74 2b je 92 67: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 6e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax exec("sh", argv); printf(1, "init: exec sh failed\n"); exit(); } while ((wpid = wait()) >= 0 && wpid != pid) { 70: e8 c6 02 00 00 call 33b 75: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 77: 78 cf js 48 79: 39 c3 cmp %eax,%ebx 7b: 75 f3 jne 70 7d: eb c9 jmp 48 printf(1, "init: fork failed\n"); 7f: 53 push %ebx 80: 53 push %ebx 81: 68 e3 07 00 00 push $0x7e3 86: 6a 01 push $0x1 88: e8 13 04 00 00 call 4a0 exit(); 8d: e8 a1 02 00 00 call 333 exec("sh", argv); 92: 50 push %eax 93: 50 push %eax 94: 68 1c 0b 00 00 push $0xb1c 99: 68 f6 07 00 00 push $0x7f6 9e: e8 b8 02 00 00 call 35b printf(1, "init: exec sh failed\n"); a3: 5a pop %edx a4: 59 pop %ecx a5: 68 f9 07 00 00 push $0x7f9 aa: 6a 01 push $0x1 ac: e8 ef 03 00 00 call 4a0 exit(); b1: e8 7d 02 00 00 call 333 mknod("console", 1, 1); b6: 50 push %eax b7: 6a 01 push $0x1 b9: 6a 01 push $0x1 bb: 68 c8 07 00 00 push $0x7c8 c0: e8 e6 02 00 00 call 3ab open("console", O_RDWR); c5: 58 pop %eax c6: 5a pop %edx c7: 6a 02 push $0x2 c9: 68 c8 07 00 00 push $0x7c8 ce: e8 c8 02 00 00 call 39b d3: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp d6: e9 4e ff ff ff jmp 29 db: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax dd: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax df: 90 nop 000000e0 : #include "stat.h" #include "fcntl.h" #include "user.h" #include "x86.h" char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { e0: 55 push %ebp char *os; os = s; while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { e1: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax char*strcpy(char *s, const char *t) { e3: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp e5: 53 push %ebx e6: 8b 4d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ecx e9: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx ec: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi while ((*s++ = *t++) != 0) { f0: 0f b6 14 03 movzbl (%ebx,%eax,1),%edx f4: 88 14 01 mov %dl,(%ecx,%eax,1) f7: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax fa: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl fc: 75 f2 jne f0 ; } return os; } fe: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 101: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 103: c9 leave 104: c3 ret 105: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 10c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000110 : int strcmp(const char *p, const char *q) { 110: 55 push %ebp 111: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 113: 53 push %ebx 114: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 117: 8b 4d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { 11a: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax 11d: 84 c0 test %al,%al 11f: 75 17 jne 138 121: eb 3a jmp 15d 123: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 127: 90 nop 128: 0f b6 42 01 movzbl 0x1(%edx),%eax p++, q++; 12c: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx 12f: 8d 59 01 lea 0x1(%ecx),%ebx while (*p && *p == *q) { 132: 84 c0 test %al,%al 134: 74 1a je 150 p++, q++; 136: 89 d9 mov %ebx,%ecx while (*p && *p == *q) { 138: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx 13b: 38 c3 cmp %al,%bl 13d: 74 e9 je 128 } return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 13f: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } 141: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 144: c9 leave 145: c3 ret 146: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 14d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 150: 0f b6 59 01 movzbl 0x1(%ecx),%ebx 154: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 156: 29 d8 sub %ebx,%eax } 158: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 15b: c9 leave 15c: c3 ret return (uchar) * p - (uchar) * q; 15d: 0f b6 19 movzbl (%ecx),%ebx 160: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 162: eb db jmp 13f 164: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 16b: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 16f: 90 nop 00000170 : uint strlen(const char *s) { 170: 55 push %ebp 171: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 173: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 176: 80 3a 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx) 179: 74 15 je 190 17b: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax 17d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 180: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 183: 80 3c 02 00 cmpb $0x0,(%edx,%eax,1) 187: 89 c1 mov %eax,%ecx 189: 75 f5 jne 180 ; } return n; } 18b: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 18d: 5d pop %ebp 18e: c3 ret 18f: 90 nop for (n = 0; s[n]; n++) { 190: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx } 192: 5d pop %ebp 193: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 195: c3 ret 196: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 19d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 000001a0 : void* memset(void *dst, int c, uint n) { 1a0: 55 push %ebp 1a1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 1a3: 57 push %edi 1a4: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx "d" (port), "0" (addr), "1" (cnt) : "cc"); } static inline void stosb(void *addr, int data, int cnt) { asm volatile ("cld; rep stosb" : 1a7: 8b 4d 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%ecx 1aa: 8b 45 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%eax 1ad: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 1af: fc cld 1b0: f3 aa rep stos %al,%es:(%edi) stosb(dst, c, n); return dst; } 1b2: 8b 7d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%edi 1b5: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 1b7: c9 leave 1b8: c3 ret 1b9: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 000001c0 : char* strchr(const char *s, char c) { 1c0: 55 push %ebp 1c1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 1c3: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 1c6: 0f b6 4d 0c movzbl 0xc(%ebp),%ecx for (; *s; s++) { 1ca: 0f b6 10 movzbl (%eax),%edx 1cd: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 1cf: 75 12 jne 1e3 1d1: eb 1d jmp 1f0 1d3: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1d7: 90 nop 1d8: 0f b6 50 01 movzbl 0x1(%eax),%edx 1dc: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax 1df: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 1e1: 74 0d je 1f0 if (*s == c) { 1e3: 38 d1 cmp %dl,%cl 1e5: 75 f1 jne 1d8 return (char*)s; } } return 0; } 1e7: 5d pop %ebp 1e8: c3 ret 1e9: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi return 0; 1f0: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 1f2: 5d pop %ebp 1f3: c3 ret 1f4: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1fb: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 1ff: 90 nop 00000200 : char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 200: 55 push %ebp 201: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 203: 57 push %edi 204: 56 push %esi int i, cc; char c; for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { cc = read(0, &c, 1); 205: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 208: 53 push %ebx for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 209: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx char* gets(char *buf, int max) { 20b: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 20e: eb 27 jmp 237 cc = read(0, &c, 1); 210: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 213: 6a 01 push $0x1 215: 57 push %edi 216: 6a 00 push $0x0 218: e8 2e 01 00 00 call 34b if (cc < 1) { 21d: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 220: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 222: 7e 1d jle 241 break; } buf[i++] = c; 224: 0f b6 45 e7 movzbl -0x19(%ebp),%eax 228: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 22b: 88 44 1a ff mov %al,-0x1(%edx,%ebx,1) if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') { 22f: 3c 0a cmp $0xa,%al 231: 74 1d je 250 233: 3c 0d cmp $0xd,%al 235: 74 19 je 250 for (i = 0; i + 1 < max;) { 237: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 239: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 23c: 3b 5d 0c cmp 0xc(%ebp),%ebx 23f: 7c cf jl 210 break; } } buf[i] = '\0'; 241: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 244: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) return buf; } 248: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 24b: 5b pop %ebx 24c: 5e pop %esi 24d: 5f pop %edi 24e: 5d pop %ebp 24f: c3 ret buf[i] = '\0'; 250: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax 253: 89 de mov %ebx,%esi 255: c6 04 30 00 movb $0x0,(%eax,%esi,1) } 259: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 25c: 5b pop %ebx 25d: 5e pop %esi 25e: 5f pop %edi 25f: 5d pop %ebp 260: c3 ret 261: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 268: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 26f: 90 nop 00000270 : int stat(const char *n, struct stat *st) { 270: 55 push %ebp 271: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 273: 56 push %esi 274: 53 push %ebx int fd; int r; fd = open(n, O_RDONLY); 275: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 278: 6a 00 push $0x0 27a: ff 75 08 push 0x8(%ebp) 27d: e8 19 01 00 00 call 39b if (fd < 0) { 282: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 285: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 287: 78 27 js 2b0 return -1; } r = fstat(fd, st); 289: 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%esp 28c: ff 75 0c push 0xc(%ebp) 28f: 89 c3 mov %eax,%ebx 291: 50 push %eax 292: e8 cc 00 00 00 call 363 close(fd); 297: 89 1c 24 mov %ebx,(%esp) r = fstat(fd, st); 29a: 89 c6 mov %eax,%esi close(fd); 29c: e8 2a 01 00 00 call 3cb return r; 2a1: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp } 2a4: 8d 65 f8 lea -0x8(%ebp),%esp 2a7: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 2a9: 5b pop %ebx 2aa: 5e pop %esi 2ab: 5d pop %ebp 2ac: c3 ret 2ad: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi return -1; 2b0: be ff ff ff ff mov $0xffffffff,%esi 2b5: eb ed jmp 2a4 2b7: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 2be: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 000002c0 : int atoi(const char *s) { 2c0: 55 push %ebp 2c1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 2c3: 53 push %ebx 2c4: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx int n; n = 0; while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2c7: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 2ca: 8d 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ecx 2cd: 80 f9 09 cmp $0x9,%cl n = 0; 2d0: b9 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2d5: 77 1e ja 2f5 2d7: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 2de: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax n = n * 10 + *s++ - '0'; 2e0: 83 c2 01 add $0x1,%edx 2e3: 8d 0c 89 lea (%ecx,%ecx,4),%ecx 2e6: 8d 4c 48 d0 lea -0x30(%eax,%ecx,2),%ecx while ('0' <= *s && *s <= '9') { 2ea: 0f be 02 movsbl (%edx),%eax 2ed: 8d 58 d0 lea -0x30(%eax),%ebx 2f0: 80 fb 09 cmp $0x9,%bl 2f3: 76 eb jbe 2e0 } return n; } 2f5: 8b 5d fc mov -0x4(%ebp),%ebx 2f8: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 2fa: c9 leave 2fb: c3 ret 2fc: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 00000300 : void* memmove(void *vdst, const void *vsrc, int n) { 300: 55 push %ebp 301: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 303: 57 push %edi 304: 8b 45 10 mov 0x10(%ebp),%eax 307: 8b 55 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%edx 30a: 56 push %esi 30b: 8b 75 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%esi char *dst; const char *src; dst = vdst; src = vsrc; while (n-- > 0) { 30e: 85 c0 test %eax,%eax 310: 7e 13 jle 325 312: 01 d0 add %edx,%eax dst = vdst; 314: 89 d7 mov %edx,%edi 316: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 31d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi *dst++ = *src++; 320: a4 movsb %ds:(%esi),%es:(%edi) while (n-- > 0) { 321: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 323: 75 fb jne 320 } return vdst; } 325: 5e pop %esi 326: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 328: 5f pop %edi 329: 5d pop %ebp 32a: c3 ret 0000032b : name: \ movl $SYS_ ## name, %eax; \ int $T_SYSCALL; \ ret SYSCALL(fork) 32b: b8 01 00 00 00 mov $0x1,%eax 330: cd 40 int $0x40 332: c3 ret 00000333 : SYSCALL(exit) 333: b8 02 00 00 00 mov $0x2,%eax 338: cd 40 int $0x40 33a: c3 ret 0000033b : SYSCALL(wait) 33b: b8 03 00 00 00 mov $0x3,%eax 340: cd 40 int $0x40 342: c3 ret 00000343 : SYSCALL(pipe) 343: b8 04 00 00 00 mov $0x4,%eax 348: cd 40 int $0x40 34a: c3 ret 0000034b : SYSCALL(read) 34b: b8 05 00 00 00 mov $0x5,%eax 350: cd 40 int $0x40 352: c3 ret 00000353 : SYSCALL(kill) 353: b8 06 00 00 00 mov $0x6,%eax 358: cd 40 int $0x40 35a: c3 ret 0000035b : SYSCALL(exec) 35b: b8 07 00 00 00 mov $0x7,%eax 360: cd 40 int $0x40 362: c3 ret 00000363 : SYSCALL(fstat) 363: b8 08 00 00 00 mov $0x8,%eax 368: cd 40 int $0x40 36a: c3 ret 0000036b : SYSCALL(chdir) 36b: b8 09 00 00 00 mov $0x9,%eax 370: cd 40 int $0x40 372: c3 ret 00000373 : SYSCALL(dup) 373: b8 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%eax 378: cd 40 int $0x40 37a: c3 ret 0000037b : SYSCALL(getpid) 37b: b8 0b 00 00 00 mov $0xb,%eax 380: cd 40 int $0x40 382: c3 ret 00000383 : SYSCALL(sbrk) 383: b8 0c 00 00 00 mov $0xc,%eax 388: cd 40 int $0x40 38a: c3 ret 0000038b : SYSCALL(sleep) 38b: b8 0d 00 00 00 mov $0xd,%eax 390: cd 40 int $0x40 392: c3 ret 00000393 : SYSCALL(uptime) 393: b8 0e 00 00 00 mov $0xe,%eax 398: cd 40 int $0x40 39a: c3 ret 0000039b : SYSCALL(open) 39b: b8 0f 00 00 00 mov $0xf,%eax 3a0: cd 40 int $0x40 3a2: c3 ret 000003a3 : SYSCALL(write) 3a3: b8 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%eax 3a8: cd 40 int $0x40 3aa: c3 ret 000003ab : SYSCALL(mknod) 3ab: b8 11 00 00 00 mov $0x11,%eax 3b0: cd 40 int $0x40 3b2: c3 ret 000003b3 : SYSCALL(unlink) 3b3: b8 12 00 00 00 mov $0x12,%eax 3b8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ba: c3 ret 000003bb : SYSCALL(link) 3bb: b8 13 00 00 00 mov $0x13,%eax 3c0: cd 40 int $0x40 3c2: c3 ret 000003c3 : SYSCALL(mkdir) 3c3: b8 14 00 00 00 mov $0x14,%eax 3c8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ca: c3 ret 000003cb : SYSCALL(close) 3cb: b8 15 00 00 00 mov $0x15,%eax 3d0: cd 40 int $0x40 3d2: c3 ret 000003d3 : SYSCALL(getch) 3d3: b8 16 00 00 00 mov $0x16,%eax 3d8: cd 40 int $0x40 3da: c3 ret 000003db : SYSCALL(greeting) 3db: b8 17 00 00 00 mov $0x17,%eax 3e0: cd 40 int $0x40 3e2: c3 ret 000003e3 : SYSCALL(shutdown) 3e3: b8 18 00 00 00 mov $0x18,%eax 3e8: cd 40 int $0x40 3ea: c3 ret 3eb: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 3ed: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 3ef: 90 nop 000003f0 : static void putc(int fd, char c) { write(fd, &c, 1); } static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 3f0: 55 push %ebp 3f1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 3f3: 57 push %edi 3f4: 56 push %esi 3f5: 53 push %ebx 3f6: 83 ec 3c sub $0x3c,%esp 3f9: 89 4d c4 mov %ecx,-0x3c(%ebp) uint x; neg = 0; if (sgn && xx < 0) { neg = 1; x = -xx; 3fc: 89 d1 mov %edx,%ecx static void printint(int fd, int xx, int base, int sgn) { 3fe: 89 45 b8 mov %eax,-0x48(%ebp) if (sgn && xx < 0) { 401: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 403: 0f 89 7f 00 00 00 jns 488 409: f6 45 08 01 testb $0x1,0x8(%ebp) 40d: 74 79 je 488 neg = 1; 40f: c7 45 bc 01 00 00 00 movl $0x1,-0x44(%ebp) x = -xx; 416: f7 d9 neg %ecx } else { x = xx; } i = 0; 418: 31 db xor %ebx,%ebx 41a: 8d 75 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp),%esi 41d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi do { buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 420: 89 c8 mov %ecx,%eax 422: 31 d2 xor %edx,%edx 424: 89 cf mov %ecx,%edi 426: f7 75 c4 divl -0x3c(%ebp) 429: 0f b6 92 70 08 00 00 movzbl 0x870(%edx),%edx 430: 89 45 c0 mov %eax,-0x40(%ebp) 433: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax 435: 8d 5b 01 lea 0x1(%ebx),%ebx } while ((x /= base) != 0); 438: 8b 4d c0 mov -0x40(%ebp),%ecx buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 43b: 88 14 1e mov %dl,(%esi,%ebx,1) while ((x /= base) != 0); 43e: 39 7d c4 cmp %edi,-0x3c(%ebp) 441: 76 dd jbe 420 if (neg) { 443: 8b 4d bc mov -0x44(%ebp),%ecx 446: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 448: 74 0c je 456 buf[i++] = '-'; 44a: c6 44 1d d8 2d movb $0x2d,-0x28(%ebp,%ebx,1) buf[i++] = digits[x % base]; 44f: 89 d8 mov %ebx,%eax buf[i++] = '-'; 451: ba 2d 00 00 00 mov $0x2d,%edx } while (--i >= 0) { 456: 8b 7d b8 mov -0x48(%ebp),%edi 459: 8d 5c 05 d7 lea -0x29(%ebp,%eax,1),%ebx 45d: eb 07 jmp 466 45f: 90 nop putc(fd, buf[i]); 460: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 463: 83 eb 01 sub $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 466: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 469: 88 55 d7 mov %dl,-0x29(%ebp) 46c: 6a 01 push $0x1 46e: 56 push %esi 46f: 57 push %edi 470: e8 2e ff ff ff call 3a3 while (--i >= 0) { 475: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 478: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 47a: 75 e4 jne 460 } } 47c: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 47f: 5b pop %ebx 480: 5e pop %esi 481: 5f pop %edi 482: 5d pop %ebp 483: c3 ret 484: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi neg = 0; 488: c7 45 bc 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,-0x44(%ebp) 48f: eb 87 jmp 418 491: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 498: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 49f: 90 nop 000004a0 : // Print to the given fd. Only understands %d, %x, %p, %s. void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 4a0: 55 push %ebp 4a1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 4a3: 57 push %edi 4a4: 56 push %esi 4a5: 53 push %ebx 4a6: 83 ec 2c sub $0x2c,%esp int c, i, state; uint *ap; state = 0; ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 4a9: 8b 5d 0c mov 0xc(%ebp),%ebx void printf(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) { 4ac: 8b 75 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%esi for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 4af: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 4b2: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 4b4: 74 6a je 520 ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 4b6: 8d 45 10 lea 0x10(%ebp),%eax 4b9: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx write(fd, &c, 1); 4bc: 8d 7d e7 lea -0x19(%ebp),%edi state = 0; 4bf: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx ap = (uint*)(void*)&fmt + 1; 4c1: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) 4c4: eb 36 jmp 4fc 4c6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 4cd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi 4d0: 89 4d d4 mov %ecx,-0x2c(%ebp) c = fmt[i] & 0xff; if (state == 0) { if (c == '%') { state = '%'; 4d3: b9 25 00 00 00 mov $0x25,%ecx if (c == '%') { 4d8: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 4db: 74 15 je 4f2 write(fd, &c, 1); 4dd: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 4e0: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 4e3: 6a 01 push $0x1 4e5: 57 push %edi 4e6: 56 push %esi 4e7: e8 b7 fe ff ff call 3a3 4ec: 8b 4d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ecx } else { putc(fd, c); 4ef: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp for (i = 0; fmt[i]; i++) { 4f2: 0f b6 13 movzbl (%ebx),%edx 4f5: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 4f8: 84 d2 test %dl,%dl 4fa: 74 24 je 520 c = fmt[i] & 0xff; 4fc: 0f b6 c2 movzbl %dl,%eax if (state == 0) { 4ff: 85 c9 test %ecx,%ecx 501: 74 cd je 4d0 } } else if (state == '%') { 503: 83 f9 25 cmp $0x25,%ecx 506: 75 ea jne 4f2 if (c == 'd') { 508: 83 f8 25 cmp $0x25,%eax 50b: 0f 84 07 01 00 00 je 618 511: 83 e8 63 sub $0x63,%eax 514: 83 f8 15 cmp $0x15,%eax 517: 77 17 ja 530 519: ff 24 85 18 08 00 00 jmp *0x818(,%eax,4) putc(fd, c); } state = 0; } } } 520: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp 523: 5b pop %ebx 524: 5e pop %esi 525: 5f pop %edi 526: 5d pop %ebp 527: c3 ret 528: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 52f: 90 nop write(fd, &c, 1); 530: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 533: 88 55 d4 mov %dl,-0x2c(%ebp) 536: 6a 01 push $0x1 538: 57 push %edi 539: 56 push %esi 53a: c6 45 e7 25 movb $0x25,-0x19(%ebp) 53e: e8 60 fe ff ff call 3a3 putc(fd, c); 543: 0f b6 55 d4 movzbl -0x2c(%ebp),%edx write(fd, &c, 1); 547: 83 c4 0c add $0xc,%esp 54a: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) 54d: 6a 01 push $0x1 54f: 57 push %edi 550: 56 push %esi 551: e8 4d fe ff ff call 3a3 putc(fd, c); 556: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 559: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 55b: eb 95 jmp 4f2 55d: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 16, 0); 560: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 563: b9 10 00 00 00 mov $0x10,%ecx 568: 6a 00 push $0x0 56a: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 56d: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx 56f: 89 f0 mov %esi,%eax 571: e8 7a fe ff ff call 3f0 ap++; 576: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 57a: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 57d: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 57f: e9 6e ff ff ff jmp 4f2 584: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi s = (char*)*ap; 588: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax 58b: 8b 10 mov (%eax),%edx ap++; 58d: 83 c0 04 add $0x4,%eax 590: 89 45 d0 mov %eax,-0x30(%ebp) if (s == 0) { 593: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 595: 0f 84 8d 00 00 00 je 628 while (*s != 0) { 59b: 0f b6 02 movzbl (%edx),%eax state = 0; 59e: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx while (*s != 0) { 5a0: 84 c0 test %al,%al 5a2: 0f 84 4a ff ff ff je 4f2 5a8: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 5ab: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 5ad: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi write(fd, &c, 1); 5b0: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp s++; 5b3: 83 c3 01 add $0x1,%ebx 5b6: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 5b9: 6a 01 push $0x1 5bb: 57 push %edi 5bc: 56 push %esi 5bd: e8 e1 fd ff ff call 3a3 while (*s != 0) { 5c2: 0f b6 03 movzbl (%ebx),%eax 5c5: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 5c8: 84 c0 test %al,%al 5ca: 75 e4 jne 5b0 state = 0; 5cc: 8b 5d d4 mov -0x2c(%ebp),%ebx 5cf: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 5d1: e9 1c ff ff ff jmp 4f2 5d6: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 5dd: 8d 76 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi printint(fd, *ap, 10, 1); 5e0: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 5e3: b9 0a 00 00 00 mov $0xa,%ecx 5e8: 6a 01 push $0x1 5ea: e9 7b ff ff ff jmp 56a 5ef: 90 nop putc(fd, *ap); 5f0: 8b 45 d0 mov -0x30(%ebp),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 5f3: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp putc(fd, *ap); 5f6: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax write(fd, &c, 1); 5f8: 6a 01 push $0x1 5fa: 57 push %edi 5fb: 56 push %esi putc(fd, *ap); 5fc: 88 45 e7 mov %al,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 5ff: e8 9f fd ff ff call 3a3 ap++; 604: 83 45 d0 04 addl $0x4,-0x30(%ebp) 608: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp state = 0; 60b: 31 c9 xor %ecx,%ecx 60d: e9 e0 fe ff ff jmp 4f2 612: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi putc(fd, c); 618: 88 55 e7 mov %dl,-0x19(%ebp) write(fd, &c, 1); 61b: 83 ec 04 sub $0x4,%esp 61e: e9 2a ff ff ff jmp 54d 623: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 627: 90 nop s = "(null)"; 628: ba 0f 08 00 00 mov $0x80f,%edx while (*s != 0) { 62d: 89 5d d4 mov %ebx,-0x2c(%ebp) 630: b8 28 00 00 00 mov $0x28,%eax 635: 89 d3 mov %edx,%ebx 637: e9 74 ff ff ff jmp 5b0 63c: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 63e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 00000640 : typedef union header Header; static Header base; static Header *freep; void free(void *ap) { 640: 55 push %ebp Header *bp, *p; bp = (Header*)ap - 1; for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 641: a1 24 0b 00 00 mov 0xb24,%eax void free(void *ap) { 646: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 648: 57 push %edi 649: 56 push %esi 64a: 53 push %ebx 64b: 8b 5d 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%ebx bp = (Header*)ap - 1; 64e: 8d 4b f8 lea -0x8(%ebx),%ecx for (p = freep; !(bp > p && bp < p->s.ptr); p = p->s.ptr) { 651: 8d b4 26 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi 658: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 65a: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 65c: 39 ca cmp %ecx,%edx 65e: 73 30 jae 690 660: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 662: 72 04 jb 668 if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 664: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 666: 72 f0 jb 658 break; } } if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 668: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 66b: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 66e: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 670: 74 30 je 6a2 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 672: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) } else { bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; } if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 675: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 678: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 67b: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 67d: 74 3a je 6b9 p->s.size += bp->s.size; p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 67f: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } else { p->s.ptr = bp; } freep = p; } 681: 5b pop %ebx freep = p; 682: 89 15 24 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb24 } 688: 5e pop %esi 689: 5f pop %edi 68a: 5d pop %ebp 68b: c3 ret 68c: 8d 74 26 00 lea 0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi if (p >= p->s.ptr && (bp > p || bp < p->s.ptr)) { 690: 39 c2 cmp %eax,%edx 692: 72 c4 jb 658 694: 39 c1 cmp %eax,%ecx 696: 73 c0 jae 658 if (bp + bp->s.size == p->s.ptr) { 698: 8b 73 fc mov -0x4(%ebx),%esi 69b: 8d 3c f1 lea (%ecx,%esi,8),%edi 69e: 39 f8 cmp %edi,%eax 6a0: 75 d0 jne 672 bp->s.size += p->s.ptr->s.size; 6a2: 03 70 04 add 0x4(%eax),%esi 6a5: 89 73 fc mov %esi,-0x4(%ebx) bp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr->s.ptr; 6a8: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax 6aa: 8b 00 mov (%eax),%eax 6ac: 89 43 f8 mov %eax,-0x8(%ebx) if (p + p->s.size == bp) { 6af: 8b 42 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%eax 6b2: 8d 34 c2 lea (%edx,%eax,8),%esi 6b5: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 6b7: 75 c6 jne 67f p->s.size += bp->s.size; 6b9: 03 43 fc add -0x4(%ebx),%eax freep = p; 6bc: 89 15 24 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb24 p->s.size += bp->s.size; 6c2: 89 42 04 mov %eax,0x4(%edx) p->s.ptr = bp->s.ptr; 6c5: 8b 4b f8 mov -0x8(%ebx),%ecx 6c8: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) } 6ca: 5b pop %ebx 6cb: 5e pop %esi 6cc: 5f pop %edi 6cd: 5d pop %ebp 6ce: c3 ret 6cf: 90 nop 000006d0 : hp->s.size = nu; free((void*)(hp + 1)); return freep; } void* malloc(uint nbytes) { 6d0: 55 push %ebp 6d1: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp 6d3: 57 push %edi 6d4: 56 push %esi 6d5: 53 push %ebx 6d6: 83 ec 1c sub $0x1c,%esp Header *p, *prevp; uint nunits; nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 6d9: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 6dc: 8b 3d 24 0b 00 00 mov 0xb24,%edi nunits = (nbytes + sizeof(Header) - 1) / sizeof(Header) + 1; 6e2: 8d 70 07 lea 0x7(%eax),%esi 6e5: c1 ee 03 shr $0x3,%esi 6e8: 83 c6 01 add $0x1,%esi if ((prevp = freep) == 0) { 6eb: 85 ff test %edi,%edi 6ed: 0f 84 9d 00 00 00 je 790 base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; base.s.size = 0; } for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 6f3: 8b 17 mov (%edi),%edx if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 6f5: 8b 4a 04 mov 0x4(%edx),%ecx 6f8: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 6fa: 73 6a jae 766 6fc: bb 00 10 00 00 mov $0x1000,%ebx 701: 39 de cmp %ebx,%esi 703: 0f 43 de cmovae %esi,%ebx p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 706: 8d 04 dd 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(,%ebx,8),%eax 70d: 89 45 e4 mov %eax,-0x1c(%ebp) 710: eb 17 jmp 729 712: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 718: 8b 02 mov (%edx),%eax if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 71a: 8b 48 04 mov 0x4(%eax),%ecx 71d: 39 f1 cmp %esi,%ecx 71f: 73 4f jae 770 p->s.size = nunits; } freep = prevp; return (void*)(p + 1); } if (p == freep) { 721: 8b 3d 24 0b 00 00 mov 0xb24,%edi 727: 89 c2 mov %eax,%edx 729: 39 d7 cmp %edx,%edi 72b: 75 eb jne 718 p = sbrk(nu * sizeof(Header)); 72d: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 730: ff 75 e4 push -0x1c(%ebp) 733: e8 4b fc ff ff call 383 if (p == (char*)-1) { 738: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 73b: 83 f8 ff cmp $0xffffffff,%eax 73e: 74 1c je 75c hp->s.size = nu; 740: 89 58 04 mov %ebx,0x4(%eax) free((void*)(hp + 1)); 743: 83 ec 0c sub $0xc,%esp 746: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax 749: 50 push %eax 74a: e8 f1 fe ff ff call 640 return freep; 74f: 8b 15 24 0b 00 00 mov 0xb24,%edx if ((p = morecore(nunits)) == 0) { 755: 83 c4 10 add $0x10,%esp 758: 85 d2 test %edx,%edx 75a: 75 bc jne 718 return 0; } } } } 75c: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return 0; 75f: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax } 761: 5b pop %ebx 762: 5e pop %esi 763: 5f pop %edi 764: 5d pop %ebp 765: c3 ret if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 766: 89 d0 mov %edx,%eax 768: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx 76a: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi if (p->s.size == nunits) { 770: 39 ce cmp %ecx,%esi 772: 74 4c je 7c0 p->s.size -= nunits; 774: 29 f1 sub %esi,%ecx 776: 89 48 04 mov %ecx,0x4(%eax) p += p->s.size; 779: 8d 04 c8 lea (%eax,%ecx,8),%eax p->s.size = nunits; 77c: 89 70 04 mov %esi,0x4(%eax) freep = prevp; 77f: 89 15 24 0b 00 00 mov %edx,0xb24 } 785: 8d 65 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%esp return (void*)(p + 1); 788: 83 c0 08 add $0x8,%eax } 78b: 5b pop %ebx 78c: 5e pop %esi 78d: 5f pop %edi 78e: 5d pop %ebp 78f: c3 ret base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 790: c7 05 24 0b 00 00 28 movl $0xb28,0xb24 797: 0b 00 00 base.s.size = 0; 79a: bf 28 0b 00 00 mov $0xb28,%edi base.s.ptr = freep = prevp = &base; 79f: c7 05 28 0b 00 00 28 movl $0xb28,0xb28 7a6: 0b 00 00 for (p = prevp->s.ptr;; prevp = p, p = p->s.ptr) { 7a9: 89 fa mov %edi,%edx base.s.size = 0; 7ab: c7 05 2c 0b 00 00 00 movl $0x0,0xb2c 7b2: 00 00 00 if (p->s.size >= nunits) { 7b5: e9 42 ff ff ff jmp 6fc 7ba: 8d b6 00 00 00 00 lea 0x0(%esi),%esi prevp->s.ptr = p->s.ptr; 7c0: 8b 08 mov (%eax),%ecx 7c2: 89 0a mov %ecx,(%edx) 7c4: eb b9 jmp 77f